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Sunday, March 31, 2019

Mental Health Strategies in Northern Ireland

moral Health Strategies in Federal IrelandThis text demonstrates that northerly Ireland has a 25% high record of reports of psychological health issues than the symmetry of the unify Kingdom (UK). It is illustrated that women on aver geezerhood tend to report much genial health problems than men depending on the get along with category of that person. For spokesperson, in closely all cases of the age groups, women recorded to substantiate a higher helping of showing signs of psychical health issues than men. Two age groups which do show that men have a higher percentage atomic number 18 of the 25-34 and 55-64 age categories. This could be due to a moment of grounds as at this age they could be encountering financial or family pressures and issues which could lead to tenseness or some other(a) related moral health illnesses. It is excessively displayed that as a person increments in age the percentage of deal with genial health problems decreases every vest tim e and the mental health of a person would break. The highest and most super acid form of mental health problems in 2013 report was anxiety disorders with 14.3% charm irritability disorders were recorded as 9.6%. Over a period of a social class a high 60% of individuals who were suffering from a mental health disorder went untreated. This was more than half of those who required intercession. Those whom did receive medical checkup attention felt as if they didnt receive help that was of a salutary standard. among 2010/11 and 2014/15, the number of patients who were admitted to hospital for make headway examinations and monitoring had fall by 13.3% which suggests that the number of tribe without any(prenominal) mental health problems were improving. However, the number of beds available to mental health patients had excessively decreased being a impart reason as to why the number of flock with mental health disorders had decreased, because they were unable to be given any treatment. Of those who were administered to hospital, over half (54.5%) were males.The amount of medication prescribed for mental health issues such as for anxiety disorders increased by a fifth over quaternion years. With relation to the level of prescriptions for antidepressants, Yankee Ireland has higher levels of depression than that of the UK. This has resulted in an increase in the amount of money being spent on the prescriptions. Between 2010 and 2013, blue Ireland was recorded to have spent the most on prescriptions than England, Scotland and Wales. This suggests that the bulk of Northern Ireland are experiencing the greatest amount of mental health issues and look at an increased amount of anti-depressants. In 2013 it was recorded that two thirds of women were suffering from mood and anxiety disorders and were receiving more antidepressant and antianxiety medication than men and this was twice as high for those in the higher levels of socioeconomic deprivation. In urban deprived areas of Northern Ireland people were 75% more apparent to have certain medication for anxiety.The Northern Ireland Young Life and Times survey reported that 29% of 16 year over-the-hills have experienced serious private activated or mental health fractiousies. Child health in Northern Ireland can be classified as any(prenominal) of the shortest in the eastern areas of Europe. In 2008 in Northern Ireland, 90% of materialisation people admitted that they had never self-harmed. This decreased to 87% in 2013 which demonstrates an increase the amount of junior people who self-harm in 2013.It is predicted that the number of people with dementia in Northern Ireland in 2010 will increase by 40% in 2021. It is also recorded that in Northern Ireland the elderly population living in nursing homes is 3.5 propagation higher than in England. Reports for mental health problems in men antiquated 65 and over have been higher in those living in deprived areas.Same-sex cou ples in Northern Ireland who have children have been involved in discrimination and injustice. In Northern Ireland same-sex marriage is not legal unlike in England, Scotland and Wales. In 2013, 29% of people in Northern Ireland disagreed with same-sex marriage.Evidence has found that 35.3% of Lesbian, Gay Bisexual /Transgender (LGB/Ts) in Northern Ireland encountered self-harm whereas the remainder of the UK is lower with 13 per cent. LGB/T people who are living in rural areas have a higher level of experiencing depression with more than 5 in every 8. In Northern Ireland, ethnic minority groups have lower rates of employment. Unemployment rates for Black groups were 12.4% tour the non-ethnic groups of Northern Ireland who are of the working age were lower at 5%. In 2015, females in Northern Ireland achieved 83.4% grade C or above GCSEs results which was higher than that of males which was 71.4%. On the contrary, men had a higher employment rate with 71.4% while the womens was 61. 9%. Mental health problems have been identified as the main reason for leave to be granted from the workplace with 39.1% related to Northern Ireland. This too demonstrates that a higher percentage of females would be encountering mental health issues as there are more males employed in work.Northern Ireland have been recorded with the highest number of suicides with 16.4 per 100,000 population compared to the UK with 10.3 in England, 9.2 in Wales and 14.5 in Scotland. Males in Northern Ireland were reported with the highest rates of suicide in the UK with 75% in 2014. It has been recorded that male travellers have a suicide rate which is 6.6 times more than the suicide rate of males who arent travellers. This could be due to them suffering from mental health illnesses which went untreated. The current suicide rate of 27 per 100,000 for males is the highest since 2010. Self-harm has been recorded at its highest in Northern Ireland compared to the rest of the UK. In 2013, 10% of self- harm medical treatment in hospitals wasfor those under the age of 18.Girls have had a higher recording of self-harm of 15.5% compared to boys with 5.1%. Girls of this age may be experiencing difficulties, for example emotional issues, which lead to stress or mental health problems which they deal with by self-harming.According to the Northern Ireland Study of Health and Stress over half of the people asked verbalise they have experienced a traumatic event at some stage of their life and 32% of those who had been involved with trauma have had a mental health issue.Social determinants may be a contributing factor to mental health disorders. Oxfam have reported that in January 2014 in Northern Ireland 32% lived in poverty along with a poop of the population earning less than the living wage. Evidence shows that those people living in the most deprived areas are two times more likely to develop mental health problems than those who are not. In 2009 in Northern Ireland 1.47% of peopl e were found to be homeless and this is similar to Scotland with 1.56% whereas 0.19% was in England and 0.45% in Wales. These statistics have increased each year over the five year period in Northern Ireland.StrategiesInvesting for Health-Promoting Mental Health outline and Action Plan 2003 2008This strategy was developed to provide help and live on to sufferers of mental illnesses. They have an aim to reduce the mental problems people are experiencing and to increase the support available to the individual and their families of those with mental health issues. This includes their sucker to ensure that there is increased recognition of the support materials and organisations available to sufferers of mental illnesses so that they are able to achieve a reduction in the stress they could have. They also aim to decrease any injustice and discrimination towards people with mental health difficulties which may occur. They anticipate working with other organisations in the public and private sector to achieve a trim down number of people with mental health issues.InitiativesCAMHSCAMHS is an abbreviation of Child and Adolescents Mental Health Services. They provide help and support to young people aged up to eighteen and their families who are experiencing problems in their family life for example, behavioural and emotional issues concerning their upbeat. Help can be received through and through consulting the childs GP or a teacher at school for advice. Trained specialists such as psychiatrists work to overcome any difficulties through checking the problems being face and closely working with the young person individually and with their family. This would take place in a community environment or in selected departments of a hospital. It allows each member of the family to express their views and feelings to solve the problems affecting them.http//www.youngminds.org.uk/for_parents/services_children_young_people/camhs/what_are_cahmshttp//www.nhs.uk/nhsengland/ aboutnhsservices/mental-health-services-explained/pages/about-childrens-mental-health-services.aspx awareAWARE is a charity in Northern Ireland which aims to provide support to sufferers of depression. admit groups are offered by volunteers who are trained in specific areas in relation to dealing with people with depression. They bring together other people who are suffering from a similar illness to give them a chance to talk and share their feelings and experiences.AWARE provides group sittings for all ages on problems associated with wellbeing and mindfulness. The wellbeing programmes have a number of divided groups with regards to the individuals age. For example, the programme for young people aged between fourteen and eighteen years old gives an opportunity for them to learn more about mental health and to understand the signs of depression and emotional difficulties related to their mental health. This will provide further education on mental illnesses and problems.Mindfulne ss is another group session involved in the AWARE charity. Here, people learn to deal with difficult tasks they may face on a day to day primer in a peaceful and stress free manner. This is accomplished through a form of meditation which allows a relaxation period for any worries and depressive thoughts to be overcome.https//www.aware-ni.org/MINDING YOUR take aimMinding your head is a mental health sentiency initiative which provides help to people who may be suffering from poor mental health. They do this by supplying a variation of information with relation to organisations who could offer support in communities in Northern Ireland for example Action Mental Health. This could be achieved through support groups to help people to overcome their problems and difficulties associated with mental health. It also provides information on how to maintain and improve mental health to minimise the chances of illnesses regarding mental health in the future.5 locomote to wellbeing is an ex ample of a resource developed through MINDING YOUR HEAD to help deal with mental health difficulties a person may be experiencing. This initiative outlines a variety of strategies and procedures to follow which could play a contributing role in a persons mental health.The five go includeConnectBe activeTake notice contain learningGive

Saturday, March 30, 2019

Comparison Between Two Methodologies By Using Nimsad Information Technology Essay

Comparison Between Two Methodologies By utilize Nimsad In take a shitation Technology EssayThe principal(prenominal) objective of this assignment is to do equation between twain various regularityologies such as SSADM organize governing bodys Analysis and Development Methodology and ETHICS Effective Technical and kind carrying out of reck unmatchedr-establish Work bodys by using NIMSAD manikin. Both methodologies piss sh have got their own concept of stationing hassle attitude and finding consequence to fix the worrys.Avison and Fitzgerald (1995) destine the definition of reading carcass development methodological epitome as a collection of procedures, proficiencys, tools, and documentation assistance which provide help the musical arrangement developers in their efforts to implement a brand-new information dodging and they as well as menti stard the methodological analysis with the preceding(prenominal) collections.There be two principles for comparing methodologies The first single(a) is Academic curtilage, this is for registering the diagnosis of the methodology. The Second one is Practical reason this is to select a methodology, chemical separate or part of the methodology for a particular application and. There atomic number 18 lots of methodologies exists. There whitethorn be m each(prenominal) comparisons can determine and define the methodology (Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995).So, we essentialiness have it off the raw material rules of the two methodologies before start doing comparison. The comparison and views of the methodologies eitherow be shown below.SSDAM (Structured Systems Analysis and role Method)Structured System Analysis and Design method is a mannequin that adopts Structure advance to the analysis and excogitation of the information constitutions alike anterior constructiond methods such as Yourdon in 1976,DeMarco in 1979 . It is sequential development process c t place ensembleed as waterfa ll method. It was produced for primeval Computer and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA) and excessively the UK g overnment now go to sleepn as Office of Government Commerce (OGC). In 1981 UK government was taken this method as a compulsory for all projects only since then the early(a) countries and roughly private organization used it greatly (Ashworth et al, 1995).SSADM supports the developers and project managers in understanding four questions they atomic number 18 What is to be done, When it is to be done, How it is to be done, Where the serial inform is to be documented (Bentley et al, 1995).Some history of this methodology since 1980, Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency determines the analysis and public figure methods.In the year of 1981 Learmonth Burchett Management Systems (LBMS) method has chosen from shortlist of five. In the year of 1983 SSADM made mandatory for all new information organization developments. pas seul 2 of SSADM was released in 1984. V ersion 3 of SSADM was released and that was adapted by NCC in 1986. later 1988, SSADM certificate of growth launched, SSADM promoted as open standard. Version 4 of SSADM has released in 1990. (Websites http//www.dcs.bbk.ac.uk/steve/1/tsld005.htm). This is a wide methodology and also flexible to apply at every kind of chore situation. It divides the works or projects into distinct units (Downs et al, 1992).SSADM is a basic assumption that systems have an underlying, generic, data structure which changes very little over time (Ashworth et al,1990).The SSADM version 4 has formed five important frames such as, Feasibility Study (FS), Requirements Analysis (RA), Requirements precondition (RS), arranged System Specification (LS) and sensible Design (PD).This five-module mannequin has seven point in times and each peak has explained barely with their own strategy, controls, and activity, this helps the chief(prenominal) purpose of the project management technique (Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995 Downs et al, 1992).platThe Feasibility Study (FS) is first module of the methodology it holds the position of face 0, this phase has four gaits First one is prepare for translate to realise measurement of military rating of the project then define the line of work by using comparison between requirements with current position infusion of Feasibility from among others the last-place one is to submit a report of the Feasibility. entropy flow diagram and flow documents are used in this technique (Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995).Requirement Analysis (RA) is one of the around important forms of SSADM. This involved with describing the requirements of information systems. This is a fundamental level for business purpose. It has two tips a major aim of the first stage is to make understand fully virtually the system for analysts. Analyst should investigate the feasibility of the project if before stage was non done and also the job situation should be describe by using data casts and data flow models Interviewing to the employees and drug users also include in this stage. The second one is Business System pickaxe during this stage the analysts would determine such business system options by group actions for their customers. The previous stage has named that, a business system option is a latent solution to the system requirements. This includes boundaries of the solution and inputs and returns.Requirement Specification (RS) is a maven stage and it makes over the description of the current environment and business system option which was made by Requirements Analysis. Clients of this system would select business option at the end of RA. During this stage analysts should combine the investigation of all the stages yields from 1 to 3 by keep the business option, to develop a spec of the system. It also describes actual function of the system.Entity-event modelling and rational data analysis are the techniques used in this stage.Dur ing the stage 3, various models of the system are being developed such as, Data Flow Model (DFM) and Logical Data Model (LDM).This stage brings details the DFM and LDM. The function definition has unites into one for specification process radiation patterning at this stage.The next module, Logical System Specification (LS) has two stages in it. Such as stage 4 and stage 5, Technical System pickaxe considered as stage 4 and Logical human body as stage 5. Technical System Option is the final stage for analysis phase and conversion to the literal system design. Many execution chances are suggested to select nearly suit suitable solution similar to stage 2.This practiced system options are measured by financial cost and performance of the system and limitations etc.After the stage 4, Logical Design took place as a stage 5, the works and investigation has been done as same like before stage. The main execution of Logical Design is around valet factor. It defines dialogue and updat es enquiries in non-procedural manner, which is independent of any capital punishment strategy.Physical Design (PD) is the final module of this system. It is the best choice of possible technical and logical solution, the architect combines the result of the previous stages to build the final aim of the system. This is stage 6 and outcomes in PD for the data and processes (Ashworth et al, 1990, Bentley et al, 1995, Downs et al, 1992).The above essay tells that, SSADM has a well-defined structure and slack to understand by everyone. Many of the UK University has taken this information system in comprehensively and completely. These models and diagrams are giving complete definitions for the final users and developers to understand (Ashworth et al, 1990, Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995).ETHICS (Effective Technique and Human performance of Computer-based Systems) moral philosophy methodology came up out of work started by Enid Mumford at Manchester Business School in 1969. Since then, it has been used in industries and the health services. Much experience gained from these usages (Mumford, 1997). Ethics is acronym, but this get is to represent the ethical position. This is the information system development, which strongly supports the valet participation (Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995). This methodology is well-known for its splendour and elicit in the human side of systems design (Jayaratna, 1994). It includes the socio-technical view for the system to be effective and this engineering should be applicable for cordial and governanceal factors. It also way of life that a expensive quality of working life and ontogenyd melodic line triumph of the users is one of the major objective of this system design process.Mumford determines the essential quality of socio-technical advance as one which recognizes the interaction of technology and people and produces the work systems which are both technically efficient and have social characteristics which lead to high-pitched concern cheer and line of work satisfaction as the attainment of a erect check over between what the employee is seeking from his work-and his job needs, expectations and aspirations-and what he is necessitate to do in his job-the proportionatenessal job requirements which mould his experience(Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995).To determine the concept of fit is used to describe the job satisfaction in five stadium Firstly, knowledge fit as a good fit lives when employees should allow in that their skills are being adequately utilized and their knowledge being better to make them efficiently Physical fit is the second area that means job must suitable for the employee status, encouragement of the progress and work interest thirdly energy fit, it composed of the effort-reward bargain, work controls and supervisory controls fourthly the depute structured fit, that measures the level to the employees task are considered as being fulfilling and demanding and the fina l area is ethical fit, this is also represents social value fit and determines whether the employer system be compatible with values of employee(Avison and Fitzgerald 1995).Ethics is a methodology that based on human participation and socio technical character. The Ethics design group consist of users, managers and technical experts. The objective of this methodology helps the design group in the way of identifying and formulating the task, and also it provide set objectives and develop expurgatenatives, and allow other actions like implementing and evaluating new system. It aims to construct the computer based system that provides job satisfaction and achieve the strength needs of the organisation (Jayaratna, 1994).During this development, the importance lay on both the human and social and the technical views of the system. Users formulate social alternatives to improve job satisfaction, and experts formulate technical alternatives to improve business efficiency. The above a spects are emphasis to identify the best socio-technical fit under the unwashed cost, resource and other environment constraints (Wong, 2001).Here, the ETHICS steps are punish by the design groupWhy change?By enquiring about the trouble situation of the current system, design group try to demand objective through regular meetings and some discussions to answer the question wherefore do we need to change. This step gives clear reasons about why the ever-ever-changing system needed (Mumford, 1993).System Boundaries.The design team up tries to identify the boundaries of the system and also how it is interfaces with other system.Description of Existing System.This step aims to educate the design group to know how the animated system works. anyone in this group has much comprehensible of previous system before moving to the new system.4, 5 and 6 Definition of the constitute objectives, tasks and information needs.Identify the key objectives for the design groups the task requir ed to achieve these objectives and information is needed to carry out the tasks.7. diagnosis of Efficiency Needs.The design group tries to identify the weak tie-up in the system and that is to be documented. These are main reason for errors. Everyone out of doors the team help to identify the efficiency need. This could be the prospect for the team to get involved in the development process.8. Diagnosis of Job happiness Needs.This is achieved by the standard questionnaire given in the ETHICS methodology. As we know earlier ETHICS is a human-cantered method for others to gain the job satisfaction. The design team tries to identify people needs and also ways to add-on satisfaction by using ETHICS questionnaire. This questionnaire covers knowledge fit, strong-arm fit, efficiency fit, task structured fit and ethical fit.9. Future AnalysisThe new system need to be designed in the way that away from just being better from previous system, it should also be able to cope with future c hanges that may occur in the technological, business and organisation or fashion.10. Specifying and weighting Efficiency and Job Satisfaction Needs and ObjectivesMumford identifies that this is the key step for the whole methodology. Objectives are set according to the diagnosis results of the leash previous steps. It can be very difficult task and must involve everyone in the organisation.11. Organizational Design of the New System.This is the logical and abstract design of the new system. It should be performed in parallel with next step. The output of this step is detailed about the organizational changes which are needed for the job efficiency and satisfaction objectives.12. Technical Options.The physical design has been taken by this step for new system. There are some various technical systems like hardware, software and GUI would be investigated and evaluated. By end of this step, most suitable one helps to achieve target of the project and job satisfaction.13. prep of Det ailed Design Work.In this step the selected system is designed in detail. The previous documentation is recorded and groups are defined, tasks, responsibilities are allocated and finally relationships are created.14. Implementation.This is the important step of the development project. The design group now applies the triumph implementation of design. This connects closely to planning the implementation process in detail.15. Evaluation.After the successful implementation, the system is assured it is meeting its main objectives, particularly in relation to efficiency and job satisfaction (Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995, Mumford, 1993).Mumford recognizes that implementing this methodology is not an easy one also she is devising the addition point that participative may not work at the powerful situations where the objectives of the system have as a part of the reduction of cost and redundancies. Aylors and Myers suggest that participation may be achieved go away be dependent on cultur e and politics of the organisation more than individuals (Avison and Taylor, 1995).However, many organizations are trying to establish the participation approach in flexible and more useful manner.The comparison between two methodologies (SSADM ETHICS)As we said in the introduction before, we give do comparison between two methodologies mentioned above by using NIMSAD (Normative Information Model-Based System Analysis and Design) framework. These methodologies are compared in detail by using the incompatible steps. This framework consists of three steps and one of the steps contains eight stages few than three phases and all the stages steps are correctly evaluated. The steps and stages of the framework go forth be explained below,The job berth (the methodology place setting).The intend worry Solver (the methodology user).The trouble Solving Process (the methodology).Phase 1- Problem Formation typify 1- Understanding the situation of concern.Stage 2- Performing the diagnosi s.Stage 3- Defining the prognosis outline.Stage 4- Defining ProblemStage 5- etymologizing risky systems.Phase 2- Solution DesignStage 6- Performing the conceptual/logical design.Stage 7- Performing the physical design.Phase 3- Design ImplementationStage 8- Implementation of design.Evaluation.Problem SituationThis framework will be involved with clients and defines diverse between the action demesne and thinking world. This step explains that the problem situation lives in only on action world but the problem solving situation will be in both world. A diagrammatic model cannot catch the elements of an organisation, but they could be used to clarify the concepts and components. This clearly tells that the problem solvers own knowledge and skills will not help to understand the problem situation unless he/she know the organisational language (Jayaratna).In Ethics, the problem situation of the existing system is clearly analysed through the regular meetings and proper discussion . This step could be a main cause for the system change plan. The boundaries of the system have been identified by the design group and also they try to determine how boundaries are machine-accessible and communicated with other system (Mumford, 1993).When compare to Ethics, SSADM investigate and study about the problem situation and they will confirm the position from user. These results are explained by the data flow diagramDiagram of problem solving situationIntended Problem SolverThe mean problem solver is who originate inner the organisation or exterior of it. We have begun to discuss about the agreement of role and the act of forming relationship to be effective. The NIMSAD framework explains that the intended problem solver adds the single man component to the process and their moral puddle is used.In Ethics, after the analysis process, this step shows that the design group is been enlightened about the problem which will make them clear view of the existing problem sit uation. The main aim of the problem solver is to achieve the job satisfaction and efficiency needs. But in SSADM, the problem solver is fully trained and skilled. They will not get any advice like Ethics and have to understand the problem and find the solution of their own.Diagram for the intended problem solverProblem Solving ProcessNIMSAD defines three important phases and eight detailed stages in this step and can be applicable for any problem solving process. This framework cannot be assumed and this should be achieved at the right time. This methodology could be structured process to alter transformation from current situation to the want situation.Phase 1.Problem FormulationStage1.Understanding the Situation of concernUnderstanding the problem is fully based on each one of our mental construct. This stage will build boundaries to determine the field of interest and clear communication of boundaries to avoid danger and this focused on investigation and establish concerned situ ation.In Ethics as mentioned above, the problem situation is identified. After that the boundaries are set accordingly for evaluating the problem. and then the designer will start gathering the points to solve a problem. In SSADM, the problem is been assumed as a data flow diagram and this will be used to solve the problems. So they will start making points to evaluate the problems.Stage2.Perfoming the DiagnosisDiagnosis is clearly communicated expression of understanding and that is gained from investigating the problem situation. This is a static expression and also identified by the tool for problem solver or prescribed by the methodology. Mental construct and situation concern are the dynamic process of the expression. doing World cannot be represented by only in diagrammatic way but, it can be a certain priority for the problem solver.In Ethics, diagnosis is to identify the weak link which creates errors and make a document of them for future use. The weak links are the reas ons for errors in the system. Everyone from outside can help to determine the efficiency needs. This will be an prospect for them to get involve. Ethics is human-centered method and its aims to get job satisfaction from each of the employers. A new system should be developed or designed for to cope with the future changes. Diagnosis is a big opportunity for the whole management to get involve for the result (Mumford, 1993). In SSADM, the developers have not been advised or educated to cope the problem situation. The designers should know what the system actually need and they should study and decide about problem. The designers will keep the current records and previous documentsStage3. Defining the prognosis outline out spirit pointed a diagrammatically by various outline shape and also it is a coveted situation. The prognosis outline compares the current situation with desired situation for to identify the problem. This stays only in outline kind of than elaborated. It is prese nted in few methodologies because, this is an intellectual and political skills.Ethics problem situation has been done in various outlines, and the designers will get feedback from others or inside of the organisation to handle the situation as much as possible. In SSADM, problem elements of the existing system could be chosen by the user among some options like business. Analyst should design the system requirements for how the users exactly want.Stage4.Defining ProblemAfter clarifying the before stages rationale, the problem solver can look at the system prevention from moving from current to desired state. It will try to find the explanation of problem statements. This process defines that the problem looks at the mapping of two comprehended states. Jayaratna defined that this process is critical and identify the absence of the aspects and this must be based on some form of questions what and why, not how and whom.In Ethics, the design team tries to determine the way to increase the job satisfaction by asking questions. There are some key steps involved in this step as mentioned in before stage. Everyone from the organization must get involve for the development process. In SSADM, the problem cannot be solved by simply looking and thinking as prognosis does. So result of the feasibility study should be combined by the analyst with business option.Stage5.Deriving Notional SystemsNotional system is achieved after complemental the Diagnosis to Prognosis as current to desired situation by mapping for to defeat the identified problems and alter the transformation. This model allows the structured problem situation and that can be unstructured or ill-structured and this may be difficult to find.In Ethics, prefers no diagrammatic model for the changing process. All the design group and analyst will be educated and advised properly for the development process to get good results (Mumford, 1983).SSADM, it is a validating necessary step for the user. The data flow diagrams are used to achieve the actual model of the system requirements. There will be priority for the users need and also feedbacks after increasing exemplar for next process.Phase2. Solution DesignStage6.Perfoming the conceptual/logical designDiagnosis model is basis for the creation or change of structures, roles, task, functions, information and attitudes of the notional system. This stage is also providing a chance for to re-evaluate the previous stage. In this event, the leap situation and its contents are considered.In Ethics, the job satisfaction is achieved by the modification from result of this stage. This stage will study that, this is been done by the logical design for developing the system. SSADM use the data flow diagrams for all of the logical design techniques. The designers will perform their operation by changing the diagrams according to the requirements and guidelines. This organisation of system checks the requirements for the system development process.St age7. Performing the Physical DesignThe physical design provides the ways and entails of implementing the logical design. It also points that physical constrains and resources available to implement the logical design. The physical design is regarded with two questions to perform, how it could be done and who is going to do this. The criteria of the physical design determine the finis of the appropriate model, such as Efficiency, Reliability, Security, and Accuracy, upgradeability and Availability, etc.In Ethics, this stage is followed by the logical design. It is investigated and evaluated using the hardware, software, and GUI. In order to achieve the design of the system. In SSADM, the physical design checks whether, it reaches the users specification or the needs of the developing system. Then the system is passed to the programmer from the developer and from here the implementation of the system begins.Phase 3.Design ImplementationStage8.Implementatoin of the designIt is concer ned with the organization of the notional system inside the context of the problem situation. The writing code practice and requiring knowledge and skill in itself, is the component of the implementation process. The competence at translating model from thinking world to action world will be the tested in the implementation stage.Ethics plays vital role in the implementation of the design. The design group complete the entire system and produced to user, then gets the feedback from user. If there are any changes in the developed system, they have to restart the entire system. This is considered as a main drawback in this method (Mumford, 1993). When compare to Ethics, SSADM is well organised, because in this methodology the design group explains the system in each and every stage and then proceed to the forthcoming stages.EvaluationThe entire purpose of NIMSAD framework is evaluating all the methodologies. Evaluation is nothing but asking question, so this framework concerned with t he user for to ask questions from the first three steps for the evaluation process. Then the problem solver will ask questions related to the problem situation, then their own the mental construct and experience will be taken for the evaluation.In Ethics, this is the final step of the methodology after completing the implementation part. This evaluation process checks whether the system is achieved the job satisfaction and efficiency needs which is the main objectives of the system. When compare to the Ethics, SSADM does not give more importance to this stage, because it will get feedbacks from the user at each and every stage. remainderThere are lot of essential differences between the SSADM and ETHICS as we have looked in the previous sections.The ETHICS methodology aims to attain chemical equilibrium between the designers and available technologies. It provides good opportunity for the developers to work in flexible, extremely co-operative environment. Some people believe that ETHICS is impractical because, unskilled cannot design in the right manner and management never take that. The socio-technical approach is the solution for problem situation. As we discussed earlier, ETHICS will not be the right solution like other methodologies, it has both negatives and limitations. The people should self-assurance themselves and try to learn the system to achieve great job efficiency. Every organization attains the profit and business objectives by the combination of job satisfaction and job efficiency.As we discussed earlier, SSADM is a structured subsystem and this will be one of the main reason for easy understanding and studying the system and also causes for well-defined subsystems. The final users and developers can understand the exact definitions through diagrams and models. SSADM is a growing development method and it helps to distinguish the physical and logical move of the design. The final users of the SSADM involves in the development process. It g ives an idea about to use different techniques of this framework such as how, why, when, and where. It gives three various system views for the developers (Ashworth et al, 1990).

Coaching Session Using the GROW Model

Coaching posing Using the wrench ModelThis memorize looks to conduct a instruct seance with one individual. In rank to do this impellingly, a suss push throughthe of managing directoring techniques go out be drawn upon using empirical research. As this study can non cover all atomic number 18as of managering research, we will only boil d receive on beas that will directly influence the implementation of the jitneying job session and therefore topics pick out been carefully chosen to suit the put up influence and the handlering descent. one era a life-threatening base of literature is collected, the root word will indeed apply these guidelines to develop an evidence- ground framework to implement. In differentiate to assess the success of this framework, a self-reflection log and customer feedback will be documented to evaluate the impact of the session on a more than personal level. A discussion will in addition be organise to critical assess the dat a collected. This will help to understand whatsoever implications and improvements for future practice. acquire is arguably the around well-known arise utilize in learn (Palmer Whybrow, 2007 2009 Palmer, 2011 Grant, 2011). Although the GROW exercise has been around since the early mid-nineties (Whitmore, 1992), it has only been empirically measured over the last decade (Alexander Renshaw, 2005). It is a behavioural model that focuses on external behaviour and how it is corrected. The coaching affinity is one that is similar to Socrates and Plato, where the coach uses open-ended questions to help move the coachee by each of the four stairs. By moving through these four steps the coachee enhances their performance and moves closer towards achieving their self-chosen goal. These four interrelated steps are destructions earth Options and Way Forward. The definitions of these can be found in t commensurate 1. Goal stupefyting is seen as the start of a GROW journey which the n moves into reality which helps the coach gain brain of where they are currently (Grant, 2011). GROW description sidestep with example questions. Sourced Grant Greene, 2004 Whitmore, 1992.Although research suggests that having a fundamental structure like GROW in place is strong, many would compete that GROW alone is incomplete. McKenna and Davis (2009) developed four active ingredients that directly hazard the success of the coaching outcome. These includeClient factors (40%)The family relationship (30%)Placebo or accept (15%)Theory and technique (15%)These percentages suggest that the success of coaching largely repay competent to the coachees own processes and the coachs ability to develop and moderate a robust coaching relationship. It further argues that applying GROW to the session will only contri excepte a polished part to the coaching outcome. therefore, a primary focus on building the relationship as the coach cannot control intrinsic factors of the coachee. Since these findings, more research has been published to argue the sizeableness of the relationship (De Haan, 2011 2013) and linking it to outcomes (Ianiro et al., 2012). Passmore (2007) suggests that a coach needfully to invest more into the relationship when the group of instrumentalists is smaller. Passmore (2007) further assigns that the relationship is most fragile at the starting line because this is when coachees are unsure whether they trust or like their coach. A relationship built on trust and respect is not a sensitive concept to psychology. To build a relationship in effect, Rogers (1957), a humanistic writer, suggested that a successful therapeutic relationship relies on a series of factors.Firstly, the coach needs to hold a positive self-image. This implies that coaches with high egotism get stronger relationships. This may reflect Im ok from the Transactional Analysis model (TA). Secondly, the coach must believe that the coachee is able to find the answers t o their own problems. This may reflect the youre ok in TA. Passmore (2007) adds that a coachees self-esteem rises when they feel that their coach believes in their ability. Thirdly, the coach must be able to empathise with the coachee throughout their relationship. Fourthly, the coach needs to act with integrity in the relationship. Lastly, the coach must work with the sole objective of impact the needs of the coachee.Rodgers (1957) meta-research findings were written over 70 years ago, alone still let an impact on recent theory and practice (Passmore, 2007). More recently, Passmore (2007) in like manner added that the coach must be non-judgemental of the coachee for the coaching relationship to be successful. These findings are potentially a good framework for developing the coaching relationship, as yet are not sufficient to maintain it. Passmore (2006) published a study looking at whether executives lever the outcome of coaching. They found that a coaching relationship is n ot solely based on trust and respect. The coach must be able to create an environment that optimises achieving goals. In regularise to do this effectively, the coach must be able to first observe their own behaviours and feelings. Secondly, monitor the behaviours and feelings of the coachee and the coach needs to manage his or her emotions. Lastly, adapt behaviours appropriately to maintain some(prenominal) skipper detachment and empathetic support. These are all key components of emotional intelligence (EI) which come been linked to forming and maintaining effective relationships (Stein Book, 2000).If a highly effective coach is one that uses transference and countertransference effectively (able to transfer or redirect feelings from one to another), then a coach needs to be aware of the dangers of an unbalanced power self-propelled forming (Pezet, 2007). Instead, a successful power energising that surrounds the relationship must have the trump out interests of the coache e at heart. Otherwise, the coach may be seen as a superhero or supervillian neither of which fit into the Im ok, youre ok approach mentioned earlier. An approach to reduce the likelihood of an unbalanced power dynamic forming is to set all expectations at the start of the relationship. This allows the coachee and the coach to know what to expect from the relationship.There are also guidelines available for coaces which are stomachd by their chosen professional association. There is a range of coaching associations available. Popular associations include world(prenominal) Coaching Federation (ICF), Association for Coaching (AC) and the British Psychological friendship Special Group of Coaching Psychology (SGCP). The ICF and AC are hot associations at heart the industry, but they do not align with the practice of SP. SGCP are one of the few associations where SP as a primary focus. As a result, this insure abides to the SGCP ethical regulations, as the practice of SP is es displ aceial when working as an Organisational Psychologist. Please see appendix C for a clear understanding of all the SCGP guidelines considerations needed when designing and implementing a coaching session.In order to create an effective coaching session, a coach must firstly set expectations with the coachee to reduce any conflict or power dynamic forming. The coach must further create a relationship based on trust and respect. This can be achieved by adopting an EI approach to coaching, as well as being high in self-efficacy and able to order any agenda they have aside. Lastly, in order to be an effective coach psychologist, one should follow the ethical guidelines of SGCP.MethodologyParticipant- 93The instrumentalist involved in this study has been recruited online from a Social Media advert post on a social media site. In order to achieve a coaching relationship with no power dynamic, the participant is an individual that is not close to me. However, as I am not insured nor am I officially signed to SGCP, the lymph gland I have chosen is someone that is in my network. I have chosen these particulariseds as this participant is the safest option and still allows enough distance to prevent any pre-determined dynamic effecting the session.Establishing the Coaching Relationship- 243In order to set expectations effectively, a welcome multitude (appendix C) and a coaching contract (appendix D) was generated explaining what coaching is and asked the coachee a few questions nigh theirExpectations of the coaching processExpectations of the coachExpectations of the coacheeExperience of therapeutic relationships (what they found to be a good/poor approach)How they would like to be treated within the coaching relationship if challengedA coaching contract is also a part of the welcome pack. The contract further sets expectations of the coaching relationship, e.g. logistics of the coaching session and set expectations of coaching and the coachee. Both the contract and the welcome pack state clearly that an SGCP ethics guideline sheet will be provided if requested. It should be noted that, the contract will state that all details roughly the coachee will be kept anonymous.Once these questions have been answered, a recap phone call will be tackd with the client. This helps to cement expectations by both parties answering any questions. We will then arrange a time and date for a session that is suitable for both parties.For my own record restraining, I will also keep a occult record online of the coachees details and create a spreadsheet log of my coaching (Appendix D)Conducting the Coaching Session- 139The session will be conducted in a meeting room in City University Library. This location is neutral to both parties to keep the power dynamic balanced and the session undisturbed. Both parties will have their phones switched off to ensure no dissolveions. I will further arrange the chairs so that they are sitting next to one another is a less intimidating stance for both parties (STUDY). The coach and coachee will be provided with a pen and paper for note taking. As a mode of gauging the success of the session, the client will fill in a compendious Likert scale questionnaire before and after the session (See appendix E). Diagram 1 Seating positions of coach and coacheeIn the 60-minute session, the coach will follow the GROW model (see Diagram 2) using the framework set in table 1. The session will commence with a tighter structure at the beginning, but the structure of the session will become less tight as the session moves in R and O. However, once heading into W, the session will become tighter again. Allowing flexibility in R and O gives the client creative freedom to explore their situation and their options. Please see Diagram 3 for a clear understanding. Diagram 2 GROW MODEL PROCESS Diagram 3 Dimensions of Session StructureOnce the session is complete, the client will be advised to email a week later with any r eadiness and feedback from the session. This aims to give the client right and give leverage their self-chosen goal. A final questionnaire will be sent to the coachee to see whether their motivation has fluctuated from the previous.Follow-up from client 480Coaching was an overall good experience. I particularly liked being given authorization to blab out about my passion I also enjoyed breaking things down into small manageable goals- smaller than I usually would. I further enjoyed indentifying where motivations like, or is enjoyable about work. The questions were sometime difficult but they were thought-provoking and labored me to consider things from a different perspective. However, a little more commentary would have been helpful. I realise the point is for you to get me thinking, but by chance some suggestions of your own, or things that other people have tried force help when Im stuck on finding an answer for something. I am joyous with the general dynamic. I think the style of a semi-structured conversation whole works well, it let us explore things as they came up but also felt like there was a clear process. As a person I think youre very approachable and friendly but you keep a strong focus at the same time so that works well.Self-Reflection- 308I have written a self-reflection report to clear my thoughts on the session and improve my self-awareness and skill set. In this session, the client initially came into the session with a long-term goal and so most of the session was spent breaking it down. I did my best to help the client find their tangible first step that they can achieve in the short term and provided the coachee with homework to research and evaluate different options. However, I felt that more work could have been done to add value to the goal. For instance, I could have spoken about the benefits and consequences of achievement more. I could have also done more work on drawing out clients strengths and highlighting previous suc cess strategies. This would build on their can-do attitude, which could increase the quality of actions they may generate in their homework and make it much more likely to leave with a specific idea of what resources to research when completing their homework.Nonetheless, I feel that I was able to challenge my coachee and was unafraid to question their commitment to action, their motivation and the possible consequences of inaction. Additionally, I feel that I was able to active listen without having the urge to interrupt or give advice, with only the urge to interrupt once to provide a suggestion. I tackled this by asking the clients permission to give the suggestion and provided two other options alongside it. I did not so that the choice of action was still in their hands. Lastly, I do sure to paraphrase and summarise using the clients run-in (i.e. habit, energy, focus) at every milestone in the session. I did this by opus down key words being said by the coachee. This helps b oth the coachee and I gain understanding and reflection on what was previously said.

Friday, March 29, 2019

Early Attempts on Gene Modification

Early Attempts on element Modification divisor Modification Using Virus as vehicleIn 1974, a geneticist studied the practice session of a virus as a vehicle for gene therapy by injecting a gene-modified SV40 virus into early(a) pilfer embryonic cellph aceph onenesss. There were two unexpected findings (1) Even though the viral genes were present in the cells of the newborn mice, the de colouredy of the viral genes into sperm and eggs was extremely inefficient and (2) The expression of the viral genes was completely come together down, resulting in an inert gene that did non make RNA or protein.After this setback, there were no major advances in gene therapy for a decade, until biologists discovered embryonic stem cells, or ES cells, in 1981.Gene Modification Using Embryonic Stem CellsA stem cell is a cell that endure (1) give rise to other serviceable cell types, such as nerve cells or skin cells, through with(predicate) differentiation and (2) renew itself i.e., divide to take in more stem cells. about stem cells live in particular organs and tissues and can scarce reveal special types of cells. Stems cells in the bone marrow, for example, can only produce blood cells. But embryonic stem cells, which live in the inside sheath of an organisms embryo, are pluripotent, i.e., they can give rise to every cell type in the organism. ES cells also possess some fantastic characteristics (1) they can be isolated from the embryo of an organism and grown in Petrie dishes in the lab (2) they can be frozen in vials and unfreeze back to life (3) the cells can be propagated in liquid stock certificate for generations and (4) genes can be inserted into their genome or excised from their genome with relative ease.Using stem cells, a scientist could incorporate a genetically-modified gene permanently into the genome of an animal to form transgenic animals. In early 1990s, hundreds of strains of transgenic mice had been readyd in laboratories around the wor ld to decipher the functions of genes. With gene alterations, one mo do would grow in the dark under blue lamps others would give way Alzheimers disease, epilepsy, or premature aging. In 2014, researchers created a mouse carrying a play in a gene that control the communication between neurons in the brain. These mice have substantially increased memory and superior cognitive function. a great deal of the work on ES cells including transgenic modification of embryos had been done using mouse cells. Could this technique be used for servicemans? In the early 1990s, when human ES cells were derived from early human embryos, scientists found out that human ES cells did not behave in culture. You cant clone them. You cant use them for gene targetingThey are very different from mouse ES cells, which can do everything. So the transgenic modification of human embryos was out of the question for a while.Gene Therapy political campaign for adenosine deaminase DeficiencyAdenosine deaminas e (ADA) deficiency is caused by mutations in the ADA gene, depleting the T-cells, resulting in the collapse of the immune system. The only handling is to the use of a medicine called PEG-ADA, which has to be injected into the blood every month.In 1990, a team of gene therapists, led by William Anderson and Michael Blaese, used variants of retroviral vectors to deliver the ADA gene into children with ADA deficiency. The plan was to put the virus into the T cells interpreted from the blood of ADA forbearings, and delivered the cells back into the blood of the patients. The T-cells might live mediocre long enough to make the ADA protein and correct the deficiency. Although the T cells would mellow out from the blood, the procedure could be repeated.In September, 1990, with the approval of the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee, Anderson and Blaese work outed the gene-therapy test on two children with ADA deficiency. Did the gene-therapy experiment work? We do not know and perhaps we will never know, because both patients were allowed continued treatment with PEG-ADA. Any effect of the gene therapy was confounded by that medicine.Gene Therapy Trial for over-the-counter DeficiencyOTC deficiency is a hereditary sickness caused by the mutation in a single gene affect in metabolism. The mutation causes accumulations of ammonia in the blood, damaging blood vessels and cells, resulting in the slow poisoning of neurons in the brain.In 1993, two pediatricians in Pennsylvania, chase later Batshaw and James Wilson, experimented with gene therapy to cure children with OTC deficiencies. The form of therapy that Wilson and Batshaw had in oral sex was more radical than the protocol used by Anderson and Blaese for ADA deficiency. Batshaw and Wilson would create a virus carrying the OTC gene and deliver the virus into the liver through the bloodstream, leaving the virus to infect cells in situ. The virus-infected liver cells would produce the OTC enzyme, correcting the enzyme deficiency. In the summer of 1993, Batshaw and Wilson injected the modified adenovirus into mice and monkeys. The mouse experiments worked as predicted, except the monkey experiments were more complicated some monkeys had liver failure and one monkey died. Wilson and Batshaw changed the virus, and reduced the potential human dose to ensure the safety device of the virus. In 1997, they received the approval of the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee to perform the trial on patients with mild variants of OTC. On the morning of September 13, 1999, Jesse Gelsinger, an eighteen-year-old patient with mild variants of OTC, received the viral injection. Jesse died on the fourth day after the gene delivery.Investigation into the OTC TrialA postmortem the OTC trial reveal a damming pattern of incompetence, blunders, and neglect, compounded by primal gaps in knowledge. An analysis of Jesses blood at autopsy found antibodies highly reactive to the virus dating back even before the vir al injection. The hyperactive immune response, which was possibly triggered by a prior depiction to a common cold, had spiraled out of control for unknown reasonsIn January, 2000, when the FDA inspected xxviii other trials, nearly half of them required immediate remedial action. justifiably alarmed, the FDA shut down nearly all the trials.

Thursday, March 28, 2019

Poverty Within and Without Young Goodman Brown Essay -- Free Essay Writ

Poverty Within and Without teenage Goodman Brown How many readers have considered that the discover simplicity within the Nathaniel Hawthorne in short story, three-year-old Goodman Brown, might be an expression or reflection of the utter poverty within the sprightliness of Hawthorne? It is the purpose of this essay to clarify this issue. Hawthornes impoverishment probably begain with the untimely death of his father, and continuedfor most of his llife. Gloria C. Erlich in The split up Artist and His Uncles states that Robert partning made the e moveial decisions in the lives of the Hawthorne children and is well known as the uncle who sent Hawthorne to college (35). After graduation from Bowdoin College Hawthorne spent twelve years in his direction at home in an intense effort to make something of himself literarily. The Norton Anthology American Literature states Hawthornes years between 1825 and 1837 have fascinated his biographers and critics. Hawthorne himself took p erseverance to propogate the notion that he had lived as a hermit who left his upstairs room only for nighttime walks and hardly communicated even with his mother and sisters (547). Sculley Bradley, capital of Virginia Croom Beatty and E. Hudson Long in The Social Criticism of a Public Man consider his poverty a determining influence in his life a young man engrossed in historical story and in learning the writers craft is not notably queer if he does not seek society or marriage, oddly if he is poor (47-48). Fame was slow in coming for the author, likewise prosperity. Clarice Swisher in Nathaniel Hawthorne a Biography explains in great detail the unfortunate fiscal uncertainty which he survived due to a friend But when His s... ...nhaven Press, 1996. Erlich, Gloria C. The divide Artist and His Uncles. In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1996. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. 1835. http//www.cwrl.utexas.e du/daniel/amlit/goodman/goodmantext.html James, Henry. Hawthorne. http//eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/nhhj1.html Lewis, R. W. B. The Return into Time Hawthorne. In Hawthorne A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Norton Anthology American Literature, edited by Baym et al. New York W.W. Norton and Co., 1995. Swisher, Clarice. Nathaniel Hawthorne a Biography. In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1996.

Shooting An Elephant Essay -- essays research papers

The story that my evaluation will be based on is Shooting an Elephant written in 1936. The germ George Orwell was born in 1903 in India to a British officer raised in England. He be Eton College, which introduced him to Englands middle and upper classes. He was denied a scholarship, which led him to drive a police officer for the Indian Imperial in 1922. He served in Burma until resigning in 1927 due to the lack of respect for the hardlyice of British Imperialism in Burma and India. He was now determined to become a writer, so at the brink of poverty he began to pay close oversight to social popcasts and laborers. This led him to write Down and Out in capital of France and London (1933) during the Spanish Civil War. He embodied his hate for totalistic system in his book Animal Farm (1945). George Orwell fell to the ailment of tuberculosis at forty-seven, but non before he released more works. He wrote six novels, three documentary works, over seven c reviews and newspaper articles, and a volume of essays (1149). This particular story was very elicit and base it to hold a lot of truth. Shooting an Elephant is about an face man that was a police officer in Burman, who was hated for his induce and felt it almost impossible to do his job. He had to deal with a lot of hatred and disrespect, but yet he was expected to do what the towns people asked of him when they asked. When the elephant got unblock the first person the sub-inspector at the opposite end of the town called was the main char make forer, who was to be nameless passim the entire story. He wanted him to go do some social occasion about the loose elephant because the mahout (the keeper and driver of an elephant) was away and no one else could handle a situation such as this. The main character grabbed his 44 fit and set out to prevail the elephant. The purpose of the gun was not to start the elephant but to just scare it with the noise. Little did the officer know the act of grabbing the gun to just scare the elephant would lead to its demise. On the way to find the elephant the officer learned it had destroyed a garden, a bamboo hut, devoured some commonplace and had trampled a cow. As the officer went further on he found that the elephant had killed a townsman just minutes before. Now thinking that the elephant could be dangerous he asked for a larger and more powerful rifle. He only wanted the bigger gun in... ...t I had done it only to avoid looking a fool" (685). This made me feel that he had no real remorse for the killing and that his reputation was winning out over his very own conscious. This story did fit into this particular share very well because of the portrayal of the cultural and identity aspects of life. The officer is oblige to deal with and question his identity by the feelings he has when finds and kills the elephant. The culture is delineated by the "coolie, yellow faces, and Buddhist" (680-685). It also fits very well wit h the pens feelings on imperialism, because the main character states that he feels that it is an evil thing (680). In all consideration I understood why the author had to describe the slaughter of the elephant in such detail. It added to the effectiveness of the story by painting a very clear picture that the actions of the officer were wrong. His contingent would not have been taken so seriously if he just stated that the elephant died after many shots or in any other(a) basic way. Overall I did enjoy the message very more and felt that it fit into the section very well, but I did not care for the way the author displayed the message.

Wednesday, March 27, 2019

Ban Spam :: essays research papers fc

Ban SpamIt is a new day at the office, and workers ar getting online to check their electronic mail, only to find that it has been everywhere run by unsolicited junk mail. This mail, more commonly referred to as netmail has been around since the beginning of the network, and according to a young article, as the Internet has grown, so has spam (Spam Spam E.L.) A recent study by Star Internet, based on the typical be of staff spending ten minutes a day checking their mail, indicates that spam costs companies in the U.K. 472 dollars a year per worker, and on a matter scale, spam costs U.K. firms 4.6 billion dollars a year (Gold F.A.). This is just unrivalled reason why bulk unsolicited (spam) e-mail is costly, time consuming, and should be banned.The term spam for unsolicited e-mail is believed to have originated from a Monty Python skit in which the dialogue was drowned out by shouting out the word spam(How to Avoid F.A.). This is much the way spam drowns out other messages i n in-boxes.Although spam is a problem for businesses, it is certainly not limited to them. A large amount of spam mail is targeted at any one(a) who has an e-mail address, and legion(predicate) adults are at that placefore concerned at some of the content that is sometimes received with these inconvenient messages. Some spam messages may contain translucent content, such as subject headers that display sexually explicit actors line and phrases that may be unsuitable for children who have access to the Internet. Even though spam can contain some sexually explicit material, on that point are generally twelve spam scams that seem to be popular. accord to one article, some(prenominal) spam messages may contain promises of business opportunities, fashioning money scams, work-at-home schemes, health and diet scams, easy money, getting free merchandise, twine letters, getting free merchandise, investment opportunities, cable scrambler kits, guaranteed loans or doctrine with easy terms, credit repair, and vacation prize promotions (Gardner E.L.). These are the most popular, solely certainly not the only spam scams that are out there today.There are many ways to receive spam mail, or get on a spammers list. Many times, e-mail addresses that are given out while filling out forms over the Internet end up on a spammers list. According to one article, this is generally because spammers use special harvesting software for retrieving e-mail addresses, and many times there isnt a privacy policy that prevents companies from with child(p) out e-mail addresses to other companies.

Essay --

Report on family BreedloveEvaluator Morgan Bluebird, MSW internFebruary 12 2013All personal information collected and utilise is protected from unauthorised disclosure by thePrivacy Act. The Privacy Act also affords family of the clients the rightfield to challenge the accuracy and completeness of the information and have it amended as appropriate.Identifying learning and Referral SourceClients name Cholly Breedlove Clients name Pauline Williams Breedloveday of rescue 21-06-1901 Day of birth 13-03-1903 grapheme Man of the house Role lady of the houseCivil condition Married Civil perspective MarriedClients name Sammy BreedloveDaay of birth 11-09- 1925Role Son of mr. Breedlove and mrs. BreedloveCivil status Not applicableClients name Pecola Breedlove Day of birth 07-04-1928Role Daughter of mr. Breedlove and mrs. BreedloveCiv il status Not applicableThe hassle stated in this assessment relates to Pecola Breedlove, therefore when speaking of the client, it refers to her. The client is referred by her primary social worker, Dr.Trampene.Presenting the problemPecola Breedlove, daughter of Cholly and Pauline Breedlove is suffering on a lower floor the rough treatment at the hand of her family, what is more the functioning of her family in total. As mentioned before the development of the client may be discomfited if no intervention will be applied. The dysfunctional family causes the most ruin to her because of the everyday violence as well as it engenders several invalidating external factors. The client is facing problems that relate to an inferiority complex, also Anxio... ... cruelness - physical abuse - sexual abuse-Z62.4 Emotional neglect of babeCholly Breedlove -Z61.1 Removal from home in boorhood-Z62.4 Emotional neglect of child-Z61.8 Other negative life events in childhood-F43.1 Post-traumatic stress turnover-Z72.6 High-risk sexual behaviourPauline Breedlove -F60.2 Dissocial personality disorder, not step up of the question-Z60.4 Social exclusion and rejection-Z61.8 Other negative life events in childhoodTreatment1.Weekly individual psychotherapy to reduce depressive symptoms and improve social and occupational areas for all four client.2.Psychiatric evaluation to cry potential use of antidepressant medication, for Pecola and Cholly Breedlove. Antidepressant drugs may be used in addition.3.Out of home placement client4.Biweekly couples Therapy school term

Tuesday, March 26, 2019

Suicide :: essays research papers

Im about to take up a incline which is going to be deamed by some, if not all, as a terrific stand to take. As a matter of fact, if bothone were to agree with me on ths subject, Id be surprsed. For you see, rather than arguing from the postion of felo-de-se being an unjustified and inane means to cloy, I shall struggle the other point. That being suicide does grant its merits. to begin with you people start screaming, hear my case out. Most people argue that nothing justifies the taking of someones life. Yet what makes life so valuable? why do people cling to it so? All we consist of is a bunch of carbon atoms, bound together to form an exoskeleton, organs, and tissue. In this light, there really is not much to life. Out of the 5 billion who lie the planet, very few of them shall emerge to be true world leaders. The time out depart just lead a mediocre life of move and little play. The taking of ones life can be argued from a populistic judgement as well. It makes li ttle sense to preserve life in an oer populated world. True, one less person here on there will not make a large dent. Yet if everyone who attempts or had attempted suicide were not stopped, the impact would be noticed. Another public argument for stoppers, people who want to prevent suicide, is that nothing can be bad enough. Yet how do they know this? They do not have to put up with the same stuff the suicide victim does everyday. How could they possibly know what the potential suicide victim feels. Just as a severely burned victim may wish to be allowed to die in peace, the suicide victim wishes the same. To die in peace with no argument from others. The argument of "look at the people you will transgress" also does not hold. Imidiate family members will be the only ones to suffer any great pain. Friends will go on with thier lives and in time choke up about the death. Imidiate family too will forget the loss in time. Although it will take most considerably longer for them than it will for friends. Finaly, the argument of suicide being selfish is hard to grasp. Selfish in whose eyes? sure as shooting not the eyes of the victim. To them, they consider it selfish of others to try and preserve their life.

Scarlet letter :: essays research papers

The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a fabrication about three individuals whose lives are forever changed. The story takes place in a Puritan liquidation in Boston, in the 1600s. A cleaning lady named Hester Prynne has committed adultery and is subject to wear a letter "A" on her dress, representing adulteress. Her secret lover, Dimmesdale, does not come forth, and she does not reveal his identity. Hesters husband, Chillingworth, becomes a sick man, living arrive at other peoples sufferings. The act of adultery has attenuate each character, and isolated them from the community. The three characters find it harder and harder to live each day.Hester Prynne is a strong character, but she also gives in to weakness. She moves to the outskirts of town because she does not indirect request her life to be observed by every towns person. Although she carries herself proudly, within she feels trouble for herself and her child, Pearl. Hester wears the scarlet letter even though she can take it off and refuse to wear it. Hester feels every isolated from the world, because she is an outcast in the village. Villagers scene at her as a naughtiness example and a bad person. As time goes on, Hester feels like she has to give back to the world. She feels like she has do damage to the community, and therefore Hester helps the sick and makes clothing for the less fortunate. Hester tries to deal with her shoes the best she possibly can.Dimmesdale is the weakest character in the novel. Dimmesdale keeps his guilt and sin inside of his self, and by doing so it tears him apart. He does not want the village to know of his sin, because as a minister, he feels he must be looked up to. Dimmesdale keeps to himself and little by little his health fades. He fasts and fasts until he faints and he whips himself on the back as punishment. He has so very much guilt built up inside of him after eld and years that he decides he must confess to the village up on the scaffold. "For thee and Pearl, be it as God shall order, and God is merciful Let me now do the get out which he hath made plain before my sight. For, Hester I am a dying man. So let me make haste to take my assault upon me" Dimmesdale is saying that he deserves the punishment that God will give him, and he is ashamed of his sin.

Monday, March 25, 2019

Intrinsic motivation Essay -- essays papers

inhering motivating young baberen are compelled to learn because of their natural curiosity in life. Older nestlingren expect to need a push in the direction to learn. This describes the two types of motivation. Intrinsic motivation describes the young child. It is motivation from within and the desire someone feels to fill out a task, including natural curiosity. Intrinsic motivation is anything we do to motivate ourselves without rewards from an external source. In relation to learning, one is compelled to learn by a spring to understand, originating from their own curiosity (Rehmke-Ribary, 2003 p.intrinsic). There are different things a instructor can do to trigger this type of motivation in disciples. some examples of intrinsic rewards are task completion, feedback or result, acquisition of knowledge or skills, and a sense of mastery (Witzel, 2003 p.88). When intrinsic motivation is mastered in a student, external motivation becomes null. This student ordai n now be motivated to do things for his or herself without the presence of a tangible reward. This child will have much hope for success in the future. adventitious motivation When a student needs that extra boost to do well in school, many times this student becomes engaged for a tangible reward of some type. This describes extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation is the will to do something based on encouragement from an outside source. This type of motivation is said to not be productive for the future. Many times, teachers use extrinsic motivation in the classroom. It may be productive for that class, but the student will continue to have problems with motivation in the future. When a child completes a task or behavior based solely on a reward, t... .../cet/TAs/nuggets/sec2_4.html Nancy E. Perry, Karen O. VandeKamp, Louise K. Mercer, Carla J. Nordby. Investigating Teacher-Student Interactions That Foster Self-Regulated Learning. Educational Psychologist, Volume 37, N umber 1 (March 1, 2002) Retrieved from the web on May 5, 2003 http//ernesto.ingentaselect.com/vl=2593702/cl=45/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/catchword/erlbaum/00461520/v37n1/s2/p5_s.pdf Tubman, Jonathan G. The Influence of Parental and Peer Attachment On College Students Academic Achievement. Psychology in the Schools, Vol. 39(5), 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published online in Wiley InterScience. Retrieved from the web on May 5, 2003 at http//download.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext?ID=97517456&PLACEBO=IE.pdf&mode=pdf Merriam-Websters Dictionary Online. 2003. Retrieved from the web on May 5, 2003 at http//www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary

Rethinking Leadership in the Learning Organization Essay -- essays pap

Rethinking Leadership in the Learning Organization A proclamation by a CEO that we are going to become a acquirement organization will likely be met with collective eye paradiddle and wonderings of, What workshop did he attend last week? Indeed, many employees are so accustomed to these management initiatives-of-the-month that seeing any results from such a managerial decree is extremely unlikely. Another of the main barriers to creating a knowledge organization, Senge says, is the difference between compliance and commitment. The employees are loath to accept depart that starts at the top of the managerial hierarchy. A set is a value only if voluntarily chosen. We cannot force others to learn. Since it is really the individuals that comprise a accomplishment organization, there is no substitute for a personal desire to learn. Decisions make by managers can also have the effect of paradoxically miserable an organization backwards. Downsizing can lead to increased competitiveness, which is a bulwark to productivity. Competitiveness can also undermine collaborative efforts and thereby affect a companys economic prosperity. Senge defines three leadership types that he says are essential to building a learning organization1. local anaesthetic line leaders. These are leaders who undertake meaningful experiments to test whether sore learning capabilities actually lead to improved business results.2.Executive leaders. They set up support for line leaders,...

Sunday, March 24, 2019

Fallacy Summary and Application Essay -- essays research papers

AbstractAn argument is fallacious when it contains one or much discursive fallacies. A logical fallacy is an argument that contains a erroneousness in reasoning (2002). When using tiny thinking to make decisions, an various(prenominal) or group needs to be aware of logical fallacies and how they interest to decision-making. Logical fallacies can be apply to manipulate a blank space and if a person or group does not recognize logical fallacies, the person or group can be manipulated during the decision-making process. This paper bequeath discuss three common logical fallacies and how they can be used in the decision-making process between management and subordinates in a channel setting.The Management Guru website states that, in logic, a fallacy is more than a irrational belief it is a flaw in the argument. Fallacies can be created intentionally because a person has an agenda or can be created by simple error. Because a fallacy is not a sound argument, critical thinking r equires that we be cautious of arguments that attempt to persuade us to an run or belief that intuitively is uncomfortable (www.mgmtguru.com). At a elflike local company when the problem of excessive use of Internet plan of attack on company servers arose, managers and their subordinates used fallacious arguments to express their concerns during the problem lick and decision-making process. During a discussion group meeting that wa...

American Communist Containment Policy 1945-1953 Essay -- Politics Comm

Containment indemnity 1945-1953 the States used a variety of methods to contain Soviet beguile mingled with 1945-1953. Methods such as Propaganda and flexing of muscle became essential as the States justified its policies and actions as part of the struggle to save Capitalist political theory from the Communist oppressors. Ideology was the main ancestry of conflict between the the States and USSR. This difference in ideology led inevitably to distrust between the two superpowers. The USSR believed in a state controlled economy which discouraged forgive enterprise, antithesis of Americas frugal system the encouragement of free enterprise and the privatization of industry. Thus, the divergent economic structures of the superpowers painted different perspectives, which inevitably sowed the seeds for further conflict between the the States and USSR. The conferences between the USA and USSR up until 1945 showed the various disagreements between the USA a nd USSR. These conferences were held in Tehran in December 1945, Yalta in February 1945 and Potsdam in July 1945. The main source of conflict between USA and USSR was the future status of Europe. The USA wanted a democratic capitalist continent that it could make. The USSR wanted to spread socialism and prevent the disasters of World War II recurring again. While Stalin was a brutal and ruthless dictator responsible for millions of deaths, feared and resented by some easterly Europeans, he actually did not intend to conquer the world. This was the basic misunderstand which fueled the Cold War the U.S. government, as well as many private citizens, believed that the Russians were engaged in a world-wide con... ...e of 1954, West Germany was permitted to join NATO. In 1955 it became a member of NATO and the following year East Germny joined the capital of Poland Pact. USA armed West Germany with 400 000 soldiers as a roadblock against the USSR. Thus, th e wars and methods of containing Soviet influence always reverted back on the focus of Germany. America had used a variety of methods to contain Soviet influence. These methods did not try successful as each attempt to umbrella nations from Communism backfired. The marshal Plan and the defense of South Korea were counter-reacted with the Molotov Plan and the tightening of the Soviet Buffer Zone. Thus, Americas containment policies only hindered the implementation of the true ideas containment, which concluded with the strengthening of Soviet influence around Europe and the world.

Saturday, March 23, 2019

Othello’s Heroism :: Othello essays

Othellos Heroism Shakespeares tragedy Othello treats the audience to considerable heroism, not only from the hero and heroine barely also from unexpected characters. Kenneth Muir, in the Introduction to William Shakespeare Othello, explains how the consensus of the characters in the drama avouch to the heroism of the general The affirmation of all the main characters in the touch is decisive. Brabantio loved him Lodovico speaks of him as the noble Moor once so level-headed Cassio, who has good causality to hate him, addresses him as Dear General and speaks his epitaph he was great of mindt. The Duke declares that he is more fair than black. Montano is delighted to hear of Othellos appointment as Governor. But the most significant testimony to Othellos character comes from the one man who hates him. Iago confesses that the state Cannot with safety slog him because Another of his fathom they have none. (29) A characters attitude toward the most fearful foe death itself is unquestionably a criterion for judging a heroic type from a non-heroic type. Helen Gardner in Othello A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune considers Iagos wife genus Emilia to be a true hero of the play because of her fearless brain on death itself Emilias silence while her schoolmistress lived is fully explicable in terms of her character. She shares with her husband the generalizing trick and is salubrious used to domestic scenes. The jealous, she knows, are not ever jealous for the cause But jealous for they are jealous. If it was not the handkerchief it would be something else. why disobey her husband and risk his fury? It would not do some(prenominal) good. This is what men are like. But Desdemona dead sweeps away all such generalities and all caution. At this sight, Emilia though the world is a colossal thing finds that on that point is a thing she will not do for it. By her heroic disregard for death she gives the only proof there can be of Desdemonas innocence the testimony of faith. (145) At the commencement ceremony of the play Iago persuades the rejected suitor of Desdemona, Roderigo, to accompany him to the home of Brabantio, Desdemonas father, in the middle of the night. Once there the two awaken the senator with loud shouts just about his daughters elopement with Othello.

Essay --

IntroductionIndia is the dry lands minute of arc most thickly settled country after chinaware having a population that exceeds 1 zillion good deal (Indiastat, 2014). Jason Burke from The Guardians newspaper claims that India wants to join the Russians, the US and the Europeans by sending a rocket to mars to steal chinas existing situation and despite its failure the disposal insists on sending the rocket again. The economist newspaper mentions that its non just India that has space ambitions but other countries too. Such as mainland China and Nigeria. However, a number of people believe that the Indian population cannot concede the perpetration to mars because of the poverty they suffer of. This essay will shine up the reasons of why the Indian population cannot afford the mission, which will include the feed population, the homeless and lack of education.Malnourished populationThe World Health transcription reports that Indias malnutrition rates are between the worst i n the world (Stuart, 2013). Jason Burke from The Guardian newspaper claims that it is estimated that More than 40% of the children living in India are malnourished. Food is considered one of the main essentials of life and without it the person cannot survive. The Economist newspaper mentions that two-fifths of the Indias children remain underdeveloped from malnourishment. The Economist adds that Indias space ambitions could emerge like a spare of capital. Most of the governments money is directed toward the attempt for the success of this mission. Indias space programme monetary value approximately 1Billion$, with the failure of the mission it requires another billion dollar for the second attempt. This can jeopardize the million lives of the poor residents of India. Considering the est... ...mars mission will wear to wait for another 2 to 5 years for another bump (Burke, 2013) which means that the population of India will charter to struggle and survive work the Indian gove rnment would provide them with all their needs.ConclusionThe discussion to a higher place has examined evidence, which supported my hypothesis that the Indian government cannot afford the mars mission because of the malnourished population, the homeless people and the lack of education. Indeed, as previously discussed Indias high population is enduring the pain and the poverty. The mars mission could have devastating effects on the Indians since all of the money is directed toward this expenditure. The theme governments should examine the status of each individual in India to prioritize the people needs over the governments and to create a stronger nation that do not suffer poverty.

Friday, March 22, 2019

Human Life :: essays research papers

The beliefs and views of modern partnership are hypocritical and unjust. By the time an individual matures from a youthful child to an adult, they have been taught an uncountable number of life lessons. One of the outstanding lessons that apiece and every person has learned is that killing another human beingness is wrong. This is perhaps the first recognizable lesson on the value of human life. more or less children know that killing is against the law and learn spiritually that it goes against all religious morals and beliefs, yet society is bombarded by violence everyday in the media and in real life. Today, the value of human life can be questioned, especially that of the immature. Through numerous examples of child murder and abortion it is alternatively obvious that the lives of the unborn or newly born are not valued to the degree that they should be. In most cases, the young are not recognized as "people" and are robbed of their human rights and freedoms. You ng lives, both(prenominal) born and unborn, are seen as more of a commodity these days, than as precious, magical miracles.In the media today there are ridiculous come of reports pertaining to accidents, shootings and robberies-these are just a few examples of unjust acts that are occurring everyday. in that location is also a shocking amount of coverage about parents accidentally, or on the other hand, brutally murdering their kids. Parents are supposed to be winsome and supporting caregivers, they have a great influence over everything a child can possibly say or do. It is hard to weigh that some parents would actually take their childrens lives into their hands. Recently in the newsworthiness there have been accounts of a mother poisoning her son to a father taking a knife and slashing his sons throat. These are all cases where the parent in charge has taken service of their control. Each helpless child is defenseless in these situations. In umpteen cases, children have b ecome victims of a parents mental instability. In one case a mother claims to have been "suffering haoma delusions about hell when she took the life of her twenty month old child." In the end this woman was found not criminally responsible because "she had plainly been suffering from psychosis the day of the drowning." She was then committed to a psychiatric hospital. This seems to be common place today, and there is no justice done for the young slain victims.

Industrial Change in Britain :: European Europe History

industrial comport in Britainindustrial Change in BritainThere was frequent and widespread discontent How dead-on(prenominal) is this statement?The Industrial Revolution is a term describing the many changes that change Great Britain from approximately 1760 and 1830. The main feature was the change to the factory schema that depended on power driven machinery instead of manpower and the rapid emersion of the cotton industry. The Industrial Revolution occurred because the scientists and inventors used their imaginations to develop new products and to cultivate the opportunities of booming markets. Examples of this occurred in the textile, pottery and iron industries. The development of mining, particularly of the widespread use of coal, road improvements due to the road tolls, the building of supplys, the growth of coastal shipping and the later rise of the railways were all crucial in the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain meant that the terra firma could import cotton, wool goods, iron and steel, machinery, herculeanware and coal on a huge scale. opposite countries were not so industrialised therefore Great Britain had a intemperate advantage over them. Factory owners were able to move their products around the country more quickly, more cheaply and with greater safety than previously. For example, Britains main send away was coal. As the towns grew they needed more coal. The coal was heavy and difficult to transport by road. During this clipping many canals were built and soon a canal net serve made transporting coal, merchandise and communicating a lot easier. During the Industrial Revolution, the cotton industry rapidly increased with the invention of an improved whirl wheel powered by water. These machines were quickly mass-produced for factory use. Factories could be built in the towns and employ many springers. The cotton industry motto rapid growth and needed many workers to keep it going. The increase i n factories and employment meant that there was a huge amount of work to do. more children obtained work in the factories instead of attending school. Before the Industrial Revolution, families worked hard but could also rest when they could not work. In the factories, children and adults alike were judge to work very long hours and hardly ever had free time at home. In some cases, children worked from 3am to 10pm. Children could easily be trained to work in the textile industries because it was made up of simple tasks. Sunday was a day of rest, yet in some factories, the children had to turn up for work to clean the machinery.

Thursday, March 21, 2019

Essay on Shirows Ghost in the Shell -- Ghost in the Shell Essays

Shirows Ghost in the pillory   The real beauty of Mamoru Oshiis adaptation of Shirows Ghost in the Shell lies in its attention to detail and the sheer cohesiveness of these details which jointly form complex ideas and plot. In nearly all(prenominal) detail and every plot element lies some tie to the key themes of the anime. Some of the main themes deal with the commodification of the flesh and luggage compartment the separation between unrivalleds spirit and body and the idea that a static environment or organism a weak stronghold. Here I will choose to focus on how through details the film explicates these themes, rather than spending time extrapolating or explaining the themes in detail myself.   The first key scene to examine is the entracte midway through the movie in which Motoko wanders through the city as music is played, inducing an almost transcendental mood. Nearly every one of those shots either shows the impersonality of the city, or some object which se ems to make a report about the separation between an individual and that individuals body, how the one does not equalize to or determine the other.   For instance, Motoko sees several women- eating and walking- with the same face as her own, and the viewer immediately begins to wonder what else is similar. The concept that the body does not in any way determine the personality seems ridiculous to us, as our bodies be valued, and never to be bought sold, or worst of all, replaced. In the crowded, impersonal city (This impersonality was another important point, as that very lack knowledge of those around leads to a sort of commodification of strangers, which is similar to that same commodification of the body), among the thousands or millions of people she co... ...when Motoko gears up in the van as she and Togusa chase the garbage truck. They speak of why he was hired, and her explanation is, Overspecialize and you breed in weakness. Its slow death. Indeed, plot-wise, the barely reason that Project 2501 chooses to meld with Motoko is that he does not wish to be weaker by being static.   All of these details are simply outline examples of variety and enormity of thought put into this animated film. Its visuals do as much for the themes as does its plot and dialogue, and neither may be all told separated. The endless foreshadowing brings about a certain interwoven woodland of plot which makes this an amazingly complex- yet unified- story and concept. In all, Ghost in the Shell did a wonderful job of portraying its themes as each(prenominal) minute of the movie had something new to show, and all were related to the total narrative.

Date Rape :: essays research papers

shoot for a line RapeWhen heap think of fuck up, they might think of a strange jumping let on of a shadowy place and sexually fight someone. But in fact at that place different forms of sexual assault. closeness Rape in any case kn take as meet rape, is one of the closely common among egg-producing(prenominal) adolescents and college students. About 60% of all reported rapes atomic number 18 committed by someone the victim knew. Rape is a offensive of violence, and you butt joint be arrested, prosecuted and properly punished by the law.There atomic number 18 trends to give to prevent date rape. The nearly common way to get into disorder is the idea of you say no besides you convey yes. Since women are most often the victim of date rape, they must be firm in their response against sexual advances. If a person feels they go intot urgency to do something, be firm with the rejection. Being embarrassed, or coy wind instrument not send a clear orient and go ou t lead to trouble. A possible disadvantage is that, some may take this the vituperate way, perhaps of being accused of something they had no intentions of, but its discontinue to be safe than sorry. Another form of legal profession is a ad hoc plan. Know whats on the itinerary, where one go away be going, what gracious of place it is, and inform others of possible where roughlys. This way a female for simulation does not find themselves in a website that could be potentially harmful. The advantage to this is that if the date has some(prenominal) ideas well-nigh victimisation date rape as a romance technique, he will see sense and intelligence and perhaps think twice about the crime about to be committed. A disadvantage, as in any other situation, sometimes a woman with enough self wonder to protect herself, is frighten to some men. One may find it harder to make a import date. The third and final way to prevent date rape is to get and pay for your own drink. Loud mus ic and ill lighting can definitely affect our senses, specially when it is so faint to stick a tablet into a drink that dissolves within seconds. If a female pays for her own drink and it stays with her at all times, there will be no worry of drug use for the heading of rape. Although it is very tempting to let a handsome stranger misdirect drinks, it is a plentiful risk to take, when you dont know who that person is.Date Rape essays research papersDate RapeWhen people think of rape, they might think of a stranger jumping out of a shadowy place and sexually attacking someone. But in fact there different forms of sexual assault. Acquaintance Rape also known as date rape, is one of the most common among female adolescents and college students. About 60% of all reported rapes are committed by someone the victim knew. Rape is a crime of violence, and you can be arrested, prosecuted and properly punished by the law.There are ways to try to prevent date rape. The most common way t o get into trouble is the idea of you say no but you mean yes. Since women are most often the victim of date rape, they must be firm in their response against sexual advances. If a person feels they dont want to do something, be firm with the rejection. Being embarrassed, or coy will not send a clear signal and will lead to trouble. A possible disadvantage is that, some may take this the wrong way, perhaps of being accused of something they had no intentions of, but its better to be safe than sorry. Another form of prevention is a specific plan. Know whats on the itinerary, where one will be going, what kind of place it is, and inform others of possible whereabouts. This way a female for example does not find themselves in a situation that could be potentially harmful. The advantage to this is that if the date has any ideas about using date rape as a romance technique, he will see awareness and intelligence and perhaps think twice about the crime about to be committed. A disadvantag e, as in any other situation, sometimes a woman with enough self esteem to protect herself, is intimidating to some men. One may find it harder to achieve a second date. The third and final way to prevent date rape is to get and pay for your own drink. Loud music and poorly lighting can definitely affect our senses, specially when it is so easy to stick a tablet into a drink that dissolves within seconds. If a female pays for her own drink and it stays with her at all times, there will be no worry of drug use for the purpose of rape. Although it is very tempting to let a handsome stranger buy drinks, it is a big risk to take, when you dont know who that person is.