Health care Essay

Chapter 1 Scarcely a news report goes by that does not address the number oneness health concern in the unite States, corpulency. obesity has long been a concern of the healthcargon industry, and the boil down on nipperren is increasing. Obesity is considered the number one health risk for children in the f tout ensemble in States today. search demonstrates it is not alone a concern hardly one that is now reaching epidemic proportions. The number of children who be over weight unit has dual in the last deuce to three decades currently, one child in 5 is overweight.Research further indicates that if a child is overweight at age 6, his or her likelihood of grown obesity is more than 50 portion. Obesity presents numerous health problems for children hypertension and Type II diabetes, coronary heart disease, stress on weight-bearing joints, low self-esteem, and the risk for chronic health problems in adulthood. One of the most s eere problems is sleep apnea (interrupted b reathing succession sleeping), which, in whatever cases, corporation lead to problems with learning and memory. (Blasi, 2003) Problem Statement, habit and RationaleChildhood obesity has become an epidemic in late(a) years, with more than 9 million children labeled grievous, and the decrease in physiological breeding requirements may be affecting the health of children. Children indigence to discover a regular rate of some dustal activeness to maintain optimal health and this activity should be present in the somatogenetic tuition broadcast. The purpose of this study is to determine if participating in a morsel exercise program can help reduce excess weight and maintain optimal seaworthiness, by designing and implementing a daily fitness program for students.Obesity is defined as luggage compartment weight, which is more than natural for a particular age, gender, and height. Obesity can be measured finished BMI (Body Mass Index) calculations that are based on a perso ns height and weight. Obesity is the end result of a person victorious in more calories than they expend in a day. Even a small imbalance in the midst of energy input and output can lead to significant weight piss over time. Most orotund children demonstrate a slow but consistent weight gain over several years. Eating too much and moving nigh too little are the main causes of obesity.Most experts agree that watch excessive amounts of television is a significant risk factor associated with obesity. Research has demonstrated that almost half(a) of children ages 8-16 years watch three to five hours of television daily. Extreme cases of obesity are generally contributed to inactive children, eating too many snacks with a amply fat content. (Blasi, 2003) Possible Causes The undecomposable answer to the problem of childhood obesity is more calories are taken in than are expended in a day, which when accumulates results in obesity.However in that respect are a variety of facto rs that affect and may contribute to obesity and the solution may be as complex. Increasing fleshly activity to meet or exceed daily dietingary intake is something that plenty can control and therefore hire an impact. This study will tenseness on the increase in strong-arm activity for students and monitor their patterned advance doneout the duration of the study. There is no longer a question about whether or not childhood obesity exists. It does. Environmental conditions, much(prenominal) as television, video games, and computers can have an influence if children dont take part in other somatogenic activities.Certainly, the increase in fast food diets and the intake of sugar has an impact on a childs weight, particularly if not balanced with other foods and activities. frail drinks have become a mainstay in the daily diet of American children. A recent long-term research study examined restorative use of goods and services and its effect on childrens body weight. The s tudy shew that for each additional daily serving of a sugar-sweetened flabby drink, the incidence of obesity was significantly increased.Researchers also discovered that the odds of becoming grave increased 1. 6 times for each additional glass of sugar-sweetened soft drink consumed above the daily comely. (Blasi, 2003) In 1998, The National familiarity for disport and Physical cultivation issued guidelines stating that juvenile children should strive for 60 minutes of physical activity each day to promote health and well-being. Clearly, this is a blue-chip goal for both children and adults, but may not be the only contributing factor for obesity.The factors that contributing to obesity are complex, and can take on economic, social, cultural, behavioral, nutritional, psychological, and genetic factors. However, somebody differences make it unclear the extent to which each of these factors contributes to obesity. An individuals genetic makeup combined with the environment i n which the person lives may have an impact. Eating and activity patterns have been shown to be systematically related to obesity. These are also the two factors that we can most quickly have an impact on. (Blasi, 2003)Most states require students to participate in some type of physical reproduction program, the time spent in physical rearing declines with each subsequent grade. About one third (39. 7 pct) of elementary instillhouses require physical education in kindergarten, one half (50 pct) of elementary schools require physical education in grades 1 through 5, one foursometh (25 portion) in grade 8, and only 5 per centum in grade 12. (Garbe & Hoote, 2004) This is in conflict with recommendations made by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).The AAP recommends that K-12 students have daily opportunities for physical education. The National Association of State Boards of Education (NASBE) backed this notion with the development of guidelines, stating that elementary school students should have at least 150 minutes per week of physical education and at least 225 minutes per week when they reach warmheartedness/ junior and senior high school. The School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS), conducted in 2000, found that only 8 percent of elementary schools, 6. 4 percent of middle/junior high schools, and 5. percent of senior high schools admit daily physical education for the entire school year for all grades. (Garbe & Hoote, 2004)Both the school environment and the family environment must absorb the indebtedness for childhood obesity. While the school cafeteria provides food choices, the physical education program determines the time allocated to physical activity, and the school curriculum controls opportunities to learn about the descent between personal behaviors and health. Away from school, the family environment strongly influences child health.Chapter ii Literature Review According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevent ion, 15 percent of fresh people in the United States are overweight, defined as a body weight at or above the ninety-fifth percentile on Body Mass Index-for-age percentiles. An additional 15 percent of children (those above the 85th percentile) are classified as being at risk of overweight. The health risks of grave children cannot be overstated. The risks in terms of physical health include hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and increased risk of obesity in adulthood.The cumulative effects of obesity dont stop there. Obesity also exerts a heavy psychological toll on children the likelihood of impaired quality of life for grave children is 5. 5 times greater than for healthy children. (Anderson & Butcher) Increasing childhood obesity is related to increasing adult obesity. Although the obese share of the population is expected to increase with age, obesity today is increasing with age more quickly than it did thirty years ago. (Anderson & Butcher, 2006)Although a public sch ool cafeteria has not traditionally provided the healthiest of meals, the problems continue to grow with the opening of fast foods, such as McDonalds, Taco Belle and Pizza Hut, to the lunch offerings. In addition, hundreds of under-funded school districts have negotiated pouring rights contracts to sell brands of soda and allow young people easy access to vending machines during recess breaks. Soda consumption among adolescents has nearly tripled between 1977-78 and 1994. A 12-ounce serving of carbonated soda contains the homogeneous of 10 teaspoons of sugar.Soda consumption has been shown to be an independent risk factor for obesity in children. In addition to sodas becoming readily available during school time, vending machines are present in a mass of schools. (Staveren & Dale, 2004) Currently, there are minimal opportunities for children to be physically active during school time. Recent budget cuts have resulted in cuts to physical education. Physical Education is necessar y if children are going to maintain a healthy body weight and good health.Children should receive at least 60 minutes, and up to several hours, of age-appropriate exercise on all or most age of the week. Few schools offer any structured physical activity outback(a) of the physical education classes. (Staveren & Dale, 2004) Simply adding physical education opportunities may not be enough to make significant impact or decrement in childhood obesity. Children who are obese are not contented in the physical education class. Not only is it physically challenging, but embarrassing as well.Obese children may feel more under fire(predicate) in the physical education class than they do anywhere else in the school. Due to the number of overweight and obese children, it is obvious that physical education programming needfully to be restructured and adapted to suit this population. An obese child is not going to benefit from being made to run laps that they are not physically capable of d oing. Physical Education may have to take more of an individual approach with students, helping them to identify goals, and hence designing a fitness plan to meet those goals.More wellness information should be incorporated into the curriculum, benefiting all children. The competitive nature of physical education needs to be re-evaluated in order to meet the needs of obese children. Focus should be place on health. Physical education instructors will also need to motivate children, and finding activities that they be intimate and thence building on those may provide the motivation necessary. (Irwin, et. Al. , 2003) Physical educators are confronting a growing need for developmentally appropriate movement education among very young children.Children are more sedentary and more obese, on average than their counterparts 20 years ago, and they need to develop. movement skills and habits for healthy, active lifestyles. (Helm & Boos, 1996) Researchers at the University of California at San Diego tried to determine how excess weight affects obese children and their ability to perform normal activities. The study, surveyed 106 obese children (57 boys and 49 girls average BMI of 34. 7) between the ages of 5 and 18 years.They were asked questions such as whether they ever experienced problems cod to participating in physical activities, bathing themselves, other kids not absentminded to be their friends, or being unable to pay attention during class. The query also asked how often they felt depressed or worried and whether they ever missed school because they did not feel well. The results of each interview were range on a scale of 100 and then compared to the published entropy on healthy children and children with crab louse who were receiving chemotherapy or had chemotherapy recently.The average score for obese children (67) was drastically dispirit than healthy children (83) and even slightly less than children with cancer (69). The biggest difference in the scores between the obese children and the other two root words was related to their social functioning20 points lower than the healthy group and 9 points lower than the children with cancer. One major reason obese children had lower scores in this area is because they get picked on and teased at school, while children with cancer usually receive sympathy.More often than not, the obese children had a physical or emotional problem 65 percent had at least one medical condition, 37 percent had high cholesterol or a similar condition, 13 percent had each depression or anxiety, and 4 percent had diabetes. It may be collectable to these complications that obese children are on average absent from school four days a month, while healthier children miss on average less than a day a month. (JOPERD, 2003) A growing need in physical education is to help young people enjoy the rewards of exercise through participation.This need could be addressed by breeding students the health benefits der ived from maintaining active lifestyles. Additionally, physical educators could emphasize the results of exercise which appeal to young people, such as improved physical bearing. For example, improved physical appearance can be included in a discussion of body fat reduction. This exercise benefit should not be the only focus of the discussion, but could certainly be a part of it. (Douthitt & Harvey, 1995)