Jose Rizal

Definition of Measurement Measurementis the process or the result of ascertain theratioof a personal quantity rod, such as a length, time, temperature and so on , to a social whole of measurement, such as the meter, second or tip Celsius. The science of measurement is c tout ensembleedmetrology. The English wordmeasurementoriginates from theLatinmensuraand the verbmetiri with theMiddle Frenchmesure. destination http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Measurement Measurement Quantities *Basic Fundamental quantity recognize/s (Common) Quantity symbol/s SI unit of measurement appoint SI unit symbol belongings symbol Length, width, height, depth a, b, c, d, h, l, r, s, w, x, y, z metre m L sen tenner-spotce t second s T troop m kilogram kg M Temperature T, ? kelvin K ? sum ofsubstance, matter of breakwaters n mole mol N Electric current i, I deoxyadenosine monophosphate A I Luminous intensity Iv whoremongerdela Cd J weather sheet burthen ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? radian rad di mensionless Solid angle ? , ? steradian sr dimensionless Derived Quantities Space Common) Quantity name/s (Common) Quantity symbol SI unit Dimension (Spatial)position (vector) r,R,a,d m L Angular position, angle of rotation (can be treated as vector or scalar) ? ,? rad dimensionless Area, cross section A, S, ? m2 L2 sender argona(Magnitude of surface argona, directed normal totangential categoric of surface) m2 L2 Volume ? , V m3 L3 Quantity characteristic symbols Definition Meaning, us fester Dimension Quantity q q get along of a belongings q vagabond of change of quantity,Time derivative Rate of change of property with respect to time q T? 1 Quantity spatial minginess ? volume density (n= 3),? = surface density (n= 2),? = linear density (n= 1)No everyday symbol forn-space density, here? nis utilize. Amount of property per unit n-space(length, argona, volume or higher dimensions) qL-n Specific quantity qm Amount of property per unit people qL-n Molar quantity qn Amount of property per mole of substance qL-n Quantity gradient (ifqis ascalar field. Rate of change of property with respect to position q L? 1 ghostlike quantity (for EM waves) qv, q? , q? Two definitions are engagementd, for frequency and wavelength Amount of property per unit wavelength or frequency. qL? 1(q? )qT (q? ) Flux, run (synonymous) ? F,F Two definitions are usedTransport mechanics,nuclear physics/ componenticle physics Vector field Flow of a property though a cross-section/surface boundary. q T? 1L? 2, F L2 Flux density F Flow of a property though a cross-section/surface boundary per unit cross-section/surface area F incumbent i, I Rate of flow of property through a crosssection/ surface boundary q T? 1 latest density (sometimes called flux density in transport mechanics) j, J Rate of flow of property per unit cross-section/surface area q T? 1L? Reference http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Physical_quantityGeneral_derived_quantities http//en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/Physical_quantityBase_quantities System of Units Unit name Unit symbol Quantity Definition (Incomplete) Dimension symbol metre m length * genuine(1793)1? 10000000of the meridian through Paris between the North gage and the EquatorFG * flow(1983) The distance travelled by light in inanity in1? 299792458of a second L kilogram none 1 kg mass * Original(1793) Thegravewas defined as being the weight mass of wizard cubic decimetre of pure water at its frost point.FG * Current(1889) The mass of the International Prototype Kilogram M second s time * Original(Medieval)1? 86400of a day * Current(1967) The period of9 192 631 770periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the 2 hyperfine levels of the g wheel state of the caesium 133 atom T ampere A electric current * Original(1881) A tenth of the electromagnetic cgs system unit of current. The CGS emu unit of current is that current, flowing in an bend 1cm long of a circle 1cm in radius creates a field of one oersted at the centre. 37. IEC * Current(1946) The constant current which, if maintained in two straight collimate conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and determined 1m aside in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 x 10-7newton per metre of length I kelvin K thermodynamic temperature * Original(1743) Thecentigrade scaleis obtained by assigning 0 to the freezing point of water and 100 to the boiling point of water. * Current(1967) The compute 1/273. 16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water ? mole mol amount of substance * Original(1900) The molecular weight of a substance in mass grams. ICAW * Current(1967) The amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0. 012 kilogram of carbon 12. note 2 N candela cd luminous intensity * Original(1946)The value of the new candle is such that the lighter of the full radiator at the temperature of solidifica tion of platinum is 60 new candles per feather centimetre * Current(1979) The luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540? 012hertz and that has a effulgent intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian. J Reference http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/International_System_of_Units scientific Notation Scientific notation( more than comm scarce known asstandard form) is a way of writing patterns that are as well big or too small to be well-offly compose in tenfold form. Scientific notation has a descend of expedient properties and is usually used in calculators and by scientists, mathematicians and engineers.In scientific notation all numbers are written in the form of (atimes ten raised to the power ofb), where the indicantbis aninteger, and thecoefficientais any genuine number(however, seenormalized notationbelow), called thesignificandormantissa. The term mantissa whitethorn cause confusion, however, becaus e it can likewise identify to the disunitealpart of the commonlogarithm. If the number is negative then a minus sign precedesa(as in ordinary tenfold notation). -Converting numbers Converting a number in these cases means to either qualify the number into scientific notation form, convert it back into decimal form or to change the exponent part of the equation. None of these alter the actual number, but how its expressed. Decimal to scientific First, entreat the decimal cartridge remover point the required amount,n, to make the numbers value inside a desired range, between 1 and 10 for normalized notation. If the decimal was go to the left, appendx10n to the right,x10-n.To represent the number 1,230,400 in normalized scientific notation, the decimal separator would be moved 6 digits to the left andx106appended, resulting in1. 2304? 106. The number -0. 0040321 would stir its decimal separator shifted 3 digits to the right sort of of the left and yield? 4. 0321? 10? 3as a result. Scientific to decimal Converting a number from scientific notation to decimal notation, first off remove thex 10non the end, then shift the decimal separatorndigits to the right (positiven) or left (negativen). The number1. 2304? 06would have its decimal separator shifted 6 digits to the right and become 1 230 400, while? 4. 0321? 10? 3would have its decimal separator moved 3 digits to the left and be-0. 0040321. exponential function Conversion between different scientific notation representations of the same number with different exponential values is achieved by performing opposite trading operations of multiplication or division by a power of ten on the significand and an subtraction or addition of one on the exponent part. The decimal separator in the significand is shiftedxplaces to the left (or right) and 1xis added to (subtracted from) the exponent, as shown below. . 234? 103=12. 34? 102=123. 4? 101= 1234 Significant Figures The consequence(a) figures(also known a s momentous digits, and often shortened tosig figs) of a number are thosedigitsthat carry meaning contributing to its precision. This includes all digitsexcept * leadingandtrailing zeroswhich are merely placeholders to bode the scale of the number. * spurious digits introduced, for example, by calculations carried out to greater precision than that of the veritable data, or measurements reported to a greater precision than the equipment supports.Inaccuracy of a measuring device does not affect the number of substantial figures in a measurement do using that device, although it does affect the accuracy. A measurement made using a plastic ruler that has been left out in the sun or a beaker that unbeknownst to the technician has a few supply beads at the bottom has the same number of world-shattering figures as a evidentially different measurement of the same physical target area made using an unaltered ruler or beaker. The number of significant figures reflects the devices prec ision, but not itsaccuracy.The basic concept of significant figures is often used in connection withrounding. Rounding to significant figures is a more general technique than rounding tondecimal places, since it handles numbers of different scales in a uniform way. For example, the population of a city capacity only be known to the nearest thousand and be declared as 52,000, while the population of a land might only be known to the nearest million and be stated as 52,000,000. The condition might be in demerit by hundreds, and the latter might be in error by hundreds of thousands, but both have two significant figures (5 and 2).This reflects the fact that the importation of the error (its likely coat relative to the size of the quantity being measured) is the same in both cases. Computer representations offloating point numberstypically use a form of rounding to significant figures, but withbinary numbers. The number of worsen significant figures is closely related to the not ion ofrelative error(which has the proceeds of being a more close measure of precision, and is independent of the understructure of the number system used).The term significant figures can also refer to a crude form of error representation based some significant-digit rounding for this use, seesignificance arithmetic. The rules for identifying significant figures when writing or version numbers are as follows * All non-zero digits are considered significant. For example, 91 has two significant figures (9 and 1), while 123. 45 has fin significant figures (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). * Zeros show anywhere between two non-zero digits are significant. Example 101. 12 has five significant figures 1, 0, 1, 1 and 2. Leading zeros are not significant. For example, 0. 00052 has two significant figures 5 and 2. * Trailing zeros in a number containing a decimal point are significant. For example, 12. 2300 has six significant figures 1, 2, 2, 3, 0 and 0. The number 0. 000122300 button up has onl y six significant figures (the zeros before the 1 are not significant). In addition, 120. 00 has five significant figures since it has three trailing zeros. This convention clarifies the precision of such numbers for example, if a measurement precise to four decimal places (0. 001) is given as 12. 23 then it might be still that only two decimal places of precision are available. Stating the result as 12. 2300 makes clear that it is precise to four decimal places (in this case, six significant figures). * The significance of trailing zeros in a number not containing a decimal point can be ambiguous. For example, it may not always be clear if a number like 1300 is precise to the nearest unit (and just happens coincidentally to be an exact multiple of a hundred) or if it is only shown to the nearest hundred due to rounding or scruple.Various conventions dwell to address this issue * Abarmay be placed over the last significant figure any trailing zeros succeeding(a) this are insi gnificant. For example, 1300 has three significant figures (and hence indicates that the number is precise to the nearest ten). * The last significant figure of a number may be underlined for example, 2000 has two significant figures. * A decimal point may be placed after the number for example 100. indicates specifically that three significant figures are meant. * In the combination of a number and aunit of measurementthe ambiguity can be voided by choosing a satisfactoryunit prefix. For example, the number of significant figures in a mass condition as 1300g is ambiguous, while in a mass of 13h? g or 1. 3kg it is not. Rounding away Numbers Roundinga numerical value means replenishment it by another value that is approximately equal but has a shorter, simpler, or more explicit representation for example, replacing ? 23. 4476 with ? 23. 45, or the fragment 312/937 with 1/3, or the expression v2 with 1. 414. Rounding is often done on purpose to obtain a value that is easier to w rite and handle than the original.It may be done also to indicate the accuracy of a computed number for example, a quantity that was computed as 123,456 but is known to be accurate only to within a few hundred units is better stated as about 123,500. On the other hand, rounding introduces someround-off errorin the result. Rounding is almost unavoidable in many computations specially when dividing two numbers inintegerorfixed-point arithmetic when cipher mathematical functions such assquare roots,logarithms, andsines or when using afloating pointrepresentation with a fixed number of significant digits.In a sequence of calculations, these rounding errors generally accumulate, and in certainill-conditionedcases they may make the result meaningless. Accurate rounding oftranscendental mathematical functionsis voiceless because the number of extra digits that take away to be calculated to resolve whether to round up or down cannot be known in advance. This line of work is known as the table-makers dilemma. Rounding has many similarities to thequantizationthat occurs whenphysical quantitiesmust be encoded by numbers ordigital signals. Typical rounding problems are pproximating an irrational number by a fraction, e. g. ,? by 22/7 approximating a fraction with periodic decimal involution by a finite decimal fraction, e. g. , 5/3 by 1. 6667 replacing arational numberby a fraction with smaller numerator and denominator, e. g. , 3122/9417 by 1/3 replacing a uncompletedecimal numberby one with fewer digits, e. g. , 2. 1784 dollars by 2. 18 dollars replacing a decimalintegerby an integer with more trailing zeros, e. g. , 23,217 people by 23,200 people or, in general, replacing a value by a multiple of a specified amount, e. . , 27. 2 seconds by 30 seconds (a multiple of 15). Conversion of Units Process The process of mutation depends on the specific situation and the intended purpose. This may be governed by regulation,contract,Technical specificationsor other pub lishedstandards. Engineering judgment may include such factors as * Theprecision and accuracyof measurement and the associateduncertainty of measurement * The statisticalconfidence legal separationortolerance intervalof the initial measurement * The number ofsignificant figuresof the measurement The intended use of the measurement including theengineering tolerances Some conversions from one system of units to another need to be exact, without increasing or decreasing the precision of the first measurement. This is sometimes calledsoft conversion. It does not involve changing the physical configuration of the degree being measured. By contrast, ahard conversionor anadaptive conversionmay not be precisely equivalent. It changes the measurement to convenient and workable numbers and units in the new system. It sometimes involves a meagrely different configuration, or size substitution, of the item.Nominal valuesare sometimes allowed and used. generation factors Conversion between units in themetric systemcan be discerned by theirprefixes(for example, 1 kilogram = 1000grams, 1 milligram = 0. 001grams) and are thus not listed in this article. Exceptions are made if the unit is commonly known by another name (for example, 1 micron = 10? 6metre). Table ordering Within each table, the units are listed alphabetically, and theSIunits (base or derived) are highlighted. - Tables of conversion factorsThis article gives lists of conversion factors for each of a number of physical quantities, which are listed in the index. For each physical quantity, a number of different units (some only of diachronic interest) are shown and expressed in terms of the corresponding SI unit. Legend Symbol Definition ? exactly equal to ? approximately equal to digits indicates thatdigitsrepeat infinitely (e. g. 8. 294369corresponds to8. 294369369369369) (H) of chiefly historical interest ASSIGNMENT IN PHYSICS I-LEC Submitted by Balagtas, Glen Paulo R. BS maritime Transportation-I Submi tted to Mrs. Elizabeth Gabriel Professor in Physics-LecJose RizalWrite a reflection paper study the development of Rizal as a crusader who began to work for changes in his inelegant using a) one (1) work from Rizal As A Reformist b) the Noli Me Tangere record also the significance of these works on Philippine society like a shot and how it can change todays trends. Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa by Dr. Jose P. Rizal (keyword warmth of country) Rizals Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa was written in 1882 when Rizal was 21 years old.Rizal was away in Spain for only a month, which may have inspired him to write this literature because he misses his homeland. This work of Rizal is a very significant work of Rizal as a reformist because it expresses his dear love for his native land. As he wrote this literature and felt his love for his country, he builds the foundation of him being a reformist because of the drive to fight for change. Through Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa, Rizal realizes how m uch he loves his country and that it has fall into the wrong governance and that this needs to be changed.Through the lines Maging anuman nga ang kalagayan natin, ay nararapat nating mahalin siya at walang ibang bagay na dapat naisin tayo kundi ang kagalingan niya (referring to Philippines) Rizal explicitly reveals his love for the country and expresses the importance to love and work for the betterment of our homeland. It can also be seen in these lines that even if he is out of the country studying, he testament do his part as a Filipino to fight for the rights of every Filipino.Today, this work of Rizal may serve as a reminder for all the people in this country that being a Filipino calls for a duty to serve our native land and associate citizens. If though Rizals work, Filipinos realize their duty as a citizen and love for their country, the Philippines would be a better place to live in and it would be easy to manipulate the society towards a growthive nation. Noli Me Tanger e by Dr. Jose P. Rizal Rizals well-known novel entitled Noli Me Tangere is one of his works that clearly expresses Rizal as a reformist.Rizal finished his first novel when he was at the age of 26 years old. The hero was penniless, good thanks to his friend Maximo genus Viola who supported him and shouldered the publication of this novel, the reason why we have a copy in our pass on. In this novel, Rizal conveys his belief that education is very historic and is an effective tool for reform in the country. Rizal was very brave to establish the issues in the Philippines such as corruption and oppression through the characters and storyline in his novel.The Noli Me Tangere was a very expressive move of Rizal to start the campaign for liberal reform for the country. In this book, Rizal shares his personal experiences at the harsh hands of the Spaniards, as well as experiences shared by his loved ones. Rizals brave soul to publish a novel containing these experiences and lessons, enco urages Filipinos to be perpetual is learning as he did. It again, boils down to his belief that education will strengthen ones principles in life and even clear-cut your world to the experiences of other people.Until today, Noli Me Tangere and its sequel El Filibusterismo serve as an intake for writers to express through literature any present issues in the society. It also evokes the idea of liberalism in such a way that Filipinos has become broad-minded to innovations and beliefs that will benefit the country. Most importantly, education is very well valued, as tool needed by every individual to help progress the country.